Potential Drug Interactions with Goldenseal

Which drugs do goldenseal and its compounds interact with?

Goldenseal and/or its compounds (e.g., berberine) may interact with some pharmaceutical drugs:⁽⁴⁸⁾

Table 12: Goldenseal & Berberine Drug Interactions
Drug	Drug Typical Use	Potential Interaction	Potential for Occurrence
Cyclosporine	Immunosuppressant often used in transplant patients.	Berberine may inhibit metabolism of the drug, increasing levels in the blood.	Possible
Drugs that are metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme (e.g., Aricept®, codeine, Elavil®, methadone, Prozac®, Ultram®, and Zyprexa®)	Various treatment uses (e.g., dementia, pain relief, antidepressant, and schizophrenia).	Goldenseal may inhibit the CYP2D6 enzyme, increasing drug levels in the blood.	Probable
Drugs that are metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme (e.g., Biaxin®, Halcion®, and Viagra®)	Used to treat various conditions (e.g., bacterial infection, insomnia, and erectile dysfunction).	Goldenseal may inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme.	Possible; conflicting evidence.
Digoxin	Used to treat congestive heart failure.	Goldenseal slightly increases digoxin levels.	Probable

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